LESSON 6

Prepositions
Verbs
The verbs СУМ (to be) & ИМАМ (to have)
Samples (conversational)

PREPOSITIONS

Prepositions are words that can not function independently as any part of the sentence, and their main function is relational. They indicate the temporal, spatial or logical relationship between nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and phrases with other words in a sentence. The most used preposition in Macedonian is на (na) which have several grammatical functions and meanings. Samples:

• Јана е на училиште. (Jana e na uchilishte.) - Jana is at school.
• На Божик. (Na Bozhik.) - At Christmas.
• На масата. (Na masata.) - On the table.
• Тоа го кажав на шега. (Toa go kazhav na shega.) - I said it as a joke.
• Ќе одам на пливање. (Kje odam na plivanje.) - I will go to swim ("to take a swim").
• На кого му го кажа тоа? (Na kogo mu go kazha toa?) - To whom did you tell it?
• Му кажав на Георги. (Mu kazhav na Gerogi.) - I told (to) Georgi.
• Ова е колата на Георги. (Ova e kolata na Georgi.) - This is the Georgi's car (the car of Georgi).
• Академија на науките. (Akademija na naukite.) - Academy of Sciences.

Prepositions in Macedonian are: на (at, on, to, of etc.), за (for, about, on), од (from, since), до (to, next to), в/во (in, into, on, at), со (with), без (without), пред (before, in front of), зад (behind), над (above, over) etc.

Samples:
Книгата е на масата. - The book is on the table.
Автор на книгата. - Author of the book.
Книгата е за тебе. - The book is for you.
Книгата е во чантата. The book is in the bag.
Книгата на Елена е во чантата. - Elena's book is in the bag. (literally: 'The book of Elena is...')
Елена е со мене. - Elena is with me.

VERBS

Verbs are words that show action, event or state of being. Every sentence has a verb. In Macedonian, the verbs are inflected, they modify their beginnings or endings according to the grammatical cathegories: person, number, gender, tense, aspect, mood, voice etc. They agree with the subject in person, number and gender.

Samples:
пие - to drink (3rd person singular, present time)
пивне; се напие - to take a drink
допие - to finish the drink
(се) запиe - to booze
испие - to drink up
Ти пиеш фанта. - You drink Fanta.
Елена пие кока-кола. - Elena drinks Coca-Cola.
Вие пиете пепси. - We drink Pepsi.
Ти пиеше фанта. - You were drinking Fanta.
Елена пиеше кока-кола. - Elena was drinking Coca-Cola.

THE VERBS СУМ (TO BE) & ИМАМ (TO HAVE)

In Macedonian, the verbs сум (sum) and имам (imam) are used as main, but also auxiliary (helping) verbs. In the tables below you can see all the forms of those two verbs in Present Simple Tense, Past Simple Tense, and Future Simple Tense.

The negative form of the verb сум (to be) in present and past tenses is formed by adding the negative particle не (no, not) to the verb form. Samples: не сум (I'm not), не е (it's not), не беше (you/he/she/it weren't/wasn't). The negative form of the verb сум (to be) in future tense is formed by using the construction нема да (literal meaning: "hasn't to"). Sample: нема да бидат (they won't be).

SAMPLES (conversational)

Through this dialog you can learn how some personal, possessive and demonstrative pronouns, prepositions, and verb tenses, can be used in an everyday communication. Elena will introduce her American friend Peter to you...

Dialog 2	Elena and Peter
	Здраво! Ова е мојот пријател Питер. Тој е од Америка.	Hello! This is my friend Peter. He is from the USA.
	Здраво! Јас сум Питер и сакам да научам македонски.	Hello! I am Peter and I like to learn Macedonian.
	Минатото лето тој беше во Македонија и го посети Охрид.	The last summer he was in Macedonia and he visited Ohrid.
	Да. Охрид е прекрасен град, и самата околина е полна со интересни места за посета.	Yes. Ohrid is a wonderful town, and the area itself is full of interesting places to visit.
	Питер има сестра. Следната година тој и сестра му ќе го посетат Дојран.	Peter has a sister. The next year he and his sister will visit Dojran.
	Ќе ја посетиме и Преспа исто така.	We will visit Prespa too.