Lesson 4

Personal Pronouns

Possessive Pronouns

Demonstrative Pronouns

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Personal pronouns are words that refer to the persons speaking, the persons spoken to, or the persons or things spoken about. Personal pronouns in English are: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they as subject forms, and: me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them as object forms. In Macedonian there are two types of personal pronouns, full and short. The dative short forms are equal to the possessive pronouns short forms.

PERSONAL PROUNOUNS	Singular					Plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd Person			1st person	2nd person	3rd Person
			Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Basic Fom	јас jas - I	ти ti - you	тој toj - he	таа taa - she	тоа toa - it	ние nie - we	вие vie - you	тие tie - they
Accusative Full Form	мене mene	тебе tebe	него nego	неа nea	него nego	нас nas	вас vas	нив niv
Accusative Short Form	ме me	те te	го go	ја ja	го go	нè ne	ве ve	ги gi
Dative Full Form	мене mene	тебе tebe	нему nemu	нејзе nejze	нему nemu	нам nam	вам vam	ним nim
Dative Short Form	ми mi	ти ti	му mu	ѝ i	му mu	ни ni	ви vi	им im
English	me	you	him	her	it	us	you	them

Please note, the 2nd person singular ти is an informal form, used when addressing a close friend, a child, or a member of one's family. The polite form is the 2nd person plural вие, most usually spelled with a capital letter Вие.

Samples:
Јас и ти. - Me and you. (literal translation: I and you)
Те сакам. - I love you. (literal translation: You I-love)
Ме сакаш. - You love me. (literal translation: Me you-love)
Те сакам тебе. - I love you. (literal translation: You I-love you; meaning: I love you, not him/her)
Јас те сакам тебе. - I love you. (literal translation: I you I-love you; meaning: I love you, and not him/her)
Те сакам само тебе. - I love only you. (literal translation: You I-love only you)

POSSESIVE PRONOUNS

Possessive pronouns are words that describe a noun and show ownership. In English they are: my, your, his, her, its, our, their; and: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs. In Macedonian, possessive pronouns have short and full forms. The short forms always stay after the noun, and the full forms usually stay before the noun. The full forms can be indefinite and definite, and agree in gender and number with the modified noun.

POSSESSIVE PROUNOUNS	Singular					Plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd Person			1st person	2nd person	3rd Person
			Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
SHORT FORMS	ми mi	ти ti	му mu	ѝ i	му mu	ни ni	ви vi	им im
FULL FORMS Masculine:	мој moj	твој tvoj	негов negov	нејзин nejzin	негов negov	наш mash	ваш vash	нивен niven
Feminine:	моја moja	твоја	негова	нејзина	негова	наша	ваша	нивна
Neuter:	мое moe	твое	негово	нејзино	негово	наше	ваше	нивно
Plural:	мои moi	твои	негови	нејзини	негови	наши	ваши	нивни
English	my / mine	your / yours	his	her / hers	its	our / ours	your / yours	their / theirs

Samples:
Книгата е моја. - That book is mine. (the possessive pronoun 'moja' is in 3rd person singular, feminine, indefinite form)
Тоа е моја книга. - That is my book. (the possessive pronoun 'moja' is in 3rd person singular, feminine, indefinite form)
Мојата книга е бела. - My book is white. (the possessive pronoun 'mojata' is in 3rd person singular, feminine, definite form)
Кучето е мое. - That dog is mine. (the possessive pronoun 'moe' is in 3rd person singular, neuter, indefinite form)
Моето куче е бело. - My dog is white. (the possessive pronoun 'moeto' is in 3rd person singular, neuter, definite form)

The short forms are usually used when describe a familly member, a relative, a close friend etc. and always stay after the noun:

Татко ти и мајка ти. - Your father and your mother. (the possessive pronoun 'ti' is in 2nd person singular)
Братучед ми и другар ми се кај мене. - My cousin and my friend are at me. (the possessive pronoun 'mi' is in 1st person singular)

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

Demonstrative pronouns in Macedonian have three forms according to the gender and the number: a basic definite form, a form for close, and a form for far. The plural forms are same for all three genders.

Gender	Singular	Plural
Masculine	тој (toj) - he овој (ovoj) - this оној (onoj) - that	тие (tie) - they овие (ovie) - these оние (onie) - those
Feminine	таа (taa) - she оваа (ovaa) - this онаа (onaa) - that
Neuter	тоа (toa) - it ова (ova) - this она (ona) - that

Samples:
Книга. - Book. (feminine noun)
Книгата е бела. - The book is white.
Оваа книга е бела. - This book is white.
Онаа книга е бела. - That book is white.
Овие книги се бели. - These books are white.
Оние книги се бели. - Those books are white.
Куче. - Dog. (neuter noun)
Кучето е бело. - The dog is white.
Тоа е куче. - It is a dog.
Кучето е бело. - The dog is white.
Тоа куче е бело. - That dog is white.
Ова куче е бело. - This dog is white.
Она куче е бело. - That dog is white.